Gray S-Box for Advanced Encryption Standard

We present Gray S-box for advanced encryption standard. Gray S-box is constructed by adding binary Gray code transformation as a preprocessing step to original AES S-box. Gray S-box corresponds to a polynomial with all 255 non-zero terms in comparison with 9-term polynomial of original AES S-box. This increases the security for S-box against algebraic attacks and interpolation attacks. Besides, as Gray S-box reuses AES S-box as a whole, Gray S-box inherits all advantages and efficiency of any existing optimized implementation of AES S-box. Gray S-box also achieves important cryptographic properties of AES S-box, including strict avalanche criterion, nonlinearity, and differential uniformity.

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