Topology of black hole thermodynamics via Rényi statistics

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the topological numbers of the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, d -dimensional Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole, d -dimensional singly rotating Kerr black hole and five-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole via the Rényi statistics. We find that the topological number calculated via the Rényi statistics is different from that obtained from the Gibbs–Boltzmann (GB) statistics. However, what is interesting is that the topological classifications of different black holes are consistent in both the Rényi and GB statistics: the four-dimensional RN black hole, four-dimensional and five-dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes, five-dimensional charged and uncharged Gauss–Bonnet black holes belong to the same kind of topological class, and the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole and $$d(&gt;5)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -dimensional singly rotating Kerr black holes belong to another kind of topological class. In addition, our results suggest that the topological numbers calculated via the Rényi statistics in asymptotically flat spacetime background are equal to those calculated from the standard GB statistics in asymptotically AdS spacetime background, which provides more evidence for the connection between the nonextensivity of the Rényi parameter $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> .

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