Обзорная статья

Threats Posed by the Fungal Kingdom to Humans, Wildlife, and Agriculture

Matthew C. FisherMRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College, London, United KingdomSarah J. GurrDepartment of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United KingdomChristina A. CuomoInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USADavid S. BlehertU.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USAHailing JinDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USAEva H. StukenbrockEnvironmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, GermanyJason StajichDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California, USARegine KahmannMax Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Marburg, GermanyCharles BooneDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDavid W. DenningThe National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United KingdomNeil A. R. GowDepartment of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United KingdomBruce S. KleinDepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USAJames W. KronstadMichael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaDonald C. SheppardMcGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, CanadaJohn W. TaylorUniversity of California—Berkeley, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Berkeley, California, USAGerard D. WrightM.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaJoseph HeitmanDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USAArturo CasadevallDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USALeah E. CowenDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

2020en

ABI

Аннотация

The fungal kingdom includes at least 6 million eukaryotic species and is remarkable with respect to its profound impact on global health, biodiversity, ecology, agriculture, manufacturing, and biomedical research. Approximately 625 fungal species have been reported to infect vertebrates, 200 of which can be human associated, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause infectious diseases. These organisms pose a growing threat to human health with the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, prevalence of fungal allergy, and the evolution of fungal pathogens resistant to some or all current classes of antifungals. More broadly, there has been an unprecedented and worldwide emergence of fungal pathogens affecting animal and plant biodiversity. Approximately 8,000 species of fungi and Oomycetes are associated with plant disease. Indeed, across agriculture, such fungal diseases of plants include new devastating epidemics of trees and jeopardize food security worldwide by causing epidemics in staple and commodity crops that feed billions. Further, ingestion of mycotoxins contributes to ill health and causes cancer. Coordinated international research efforts, enhanced technology translation, and greater policy outreach by scientists are needed to more fully understand the biology and drivers that underlie the emergence of fungal diseases and to mitigate against their impacts. Here, we focus on poignant examples of emerging fungal threats in each of three areas: human health, wildlife biodiversity, and food security.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00449-20

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Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

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