SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. III. OPTICAL CONTINUUM EMISSION AND BROADBAND TIME DELAYS IN NGC 5548
Michael FausnaughDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAK. D. DenneyCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAAaron J. BarthDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USAMisty C. BentzDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAM. C. BottorffFountainwood Observatory, Department of Physics FJS 149, Southwestern University, 1011 E. University Ave., Georgetown, TX 78626, USAM. T. CariniDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd. #11077, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USAK. V. CroxallCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAGisella De RosaSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USAM. R. GoadUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKK. HorneSUPA Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS Scotland, UKM. D. JonerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, N283 ESC, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-4360, USAS. KaspiPhysics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, IsraelMinjin KimKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, KoreaS. A. KlimanovPulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, RussiaC. S. KochanekCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USADouglas C. LeonardDepartment of Astronomy, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USAH. NetzerSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelB. M. PetersonCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAK. SchnülleMax Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyС. Г. СергеевCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, P/O Nauchny, Crimea 298409, RussiaM. VestergaardDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkWeiKang ZhengDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAYing ZuDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAMatthew AndersonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAP. ArevaloInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretana N 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, ChileC. BazhawDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAГ. А. БорманCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, P/O Nauchny, Crimea 298409, RussiaTodd A. BorosonLas Cumbres Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USAW. N. BrandtDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USAA. A. BreeveldMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKB. J. BrewerDepartment of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New ZealandEdward M. CackettDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, 666 W. Hancock St., Detroit, MI 48201, USAD. M. CrenshawDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAE. Dalla BontàINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5 I-35122, Padova, ItalyA. de Lorenzo-CáceresSUPA Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS Scotland, UKM. DietrichDepartment of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, 486 Chandler St., Worcester, MA 01602, USARick EdelsonDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USAН. В. ЕфимоваPulkovo Observatory, 196140 St. Petersburg, RussiaJustin ElySpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USAN. GehrelsUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKA. V. FilippenkoDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAK. FlatlandDepartment of Astronomy, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USAN. GehrelsAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAS. GeierDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainJ. M. GelbordSpectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave., Burlington, MA 01803, USAL. GonzálezDepartment of Astronomy, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USAVaroujan GorjianMS 169-327, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USAC. J. GrierInstitute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAD. GrupeSpace Science Center, Morehead State University, 235 Martindale Dr., Morehead, KY 40351, USAPatrick B. HallDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaS. HicksDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd. #11077, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USAD. HorensteinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USATaylor A. HutchisonFountainwood Observatory, Department of Physics FJS 149, Southwestern University, 1011 E. University Ave., Georgetown, TX 78626, USAMyungshin ImAstronomy Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaJ. J. JensenDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkJeremy JonesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAJ. S. KaastraDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Univeristeit Utrecht, P.O. Box 80000, 3508 Utrecht, The NetherlandsBrandon C. KellyDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USAJ. A. KenneaLas Cumbres Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USAS. C. KimKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, KoreaK. T. KoristaDepartment of Physics, Western Michigan University, 1120 Everett Tower, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5252, USAG. A. KrissSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USAJ. C. LeeKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, KoreaP. LiraDepartamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Santiago, ChileF. MacInnisFountainwood Observatory, Department of Physics FJS 149, Southwestern University, 1011 E. University Ave., Georgetown, TX 78626, USAE. R. Manne-NicholasDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAS. MathurCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAI. M. McHardyUniversity of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKC. MontouriDiSAT, Universita dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, I-22100, Como, ItalyR. MussoFountainwood Observatory, Department of Physics FJS 149, Southwestern University, 1011 E. University Ave., Georgetown, TX 78626, USAS. V. NazarovCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, P/O Nauchny, Crimea 298409, RussiaR. P. NorrisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAJ. A. NousekDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USAD. N. OkhmatCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, P/O Nauchny, Crimea 298409, RussiaAnna PancoastEinstein FellowI. E. PapadakisDepartment of Physics and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, GreeceJ. R. ParksDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAL. PeiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USARichard W. PoggeCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAJörg‐Uwe PottMax Planck Institut fr Astronomie, Knigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyS. E. RafterDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, IsraelHans-Walter RixMax Planck Institut fr Astronomie, Knigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyD. A. SaylorDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAJ. S. SchimoiaDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USAM. H. SiegelLas Cumbres Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USAM. SpencerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, N283 ESC, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-4360, USAD. StarkeySUPA Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS Scotland, UKHyun-Il SungKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, KoreaK. G. TeemsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USALouis-Gregory StrolgerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USAC. S. TurnerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAP. UttleyAstronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek,"University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, NL-1090C. VillforthUniversity of Bath, Department of Physics, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UKY. WeissPhysics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, IsraelJong-Hak WooAstronomy Program, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, KoreaHaojing YanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USAS. YoungDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA
2016en
ABI
Аннотация
ABSTRACT We present ground-based optical photometric monitoring data for NGC 5548, part of an extended multiwavelength reverberation mapping campaign. The light curves have nearly daily cadence from 2014 January to July in nine filters ( BVRI and ugriz ). Combined with ultraviolet data from the Hubble Space Telescope and Swift , we confirm significant time delays between the continuum bands as a function of wavelength, extending the wavelength coverage from 1158 Å to the z band (~9160 Å). We find that the lags at wavelengths longer than the V band are equal to or greater than the lags of high-ionization-state emission lines (such as He ii <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1640</mml:mn> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>4686</mml:mn> </mml:math> ), suggesting that the continuum-emitting source is of a physical size comparable to the inner broad-line region (BLR). The trend of lag with wavelength is broadly consistent with the prediction for continuum reprocessing by an accretion disk with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∝</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . However, the lags also imply a disk radius that is 3 times larger than the prediction from standard thin-disk theory, assuming that the bolometric luminosity is 10% of the Eddington luminosity ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Edd</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ). Using optical spectra from the Large Binocular Telescope, we estimate the bias of the interband continuum lags due to BLR emission observed in the filters. We find that the bias for filters with high levels of BLR contamination (~20%) can be important for the shortest continuum lags and likely has a significant impact on the u and U bands owing to Balmer continuum emission.
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