Origin of the West Nile Virus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern United States
Robert S. LanciottiDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAJohn T. RoehrigDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAVincent DeubelUnité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur–Paris, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, FranceJessica L. SmithDivisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USAMichael D. ParkerDivisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USAKeith E. SteeleDivisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USABruce CriseDivisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USAKatharine E. VolpeDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAMary B. CrabtreeDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAJ. ScherretDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, AustraliaRoy A. HallDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, AustraliaJ. S. MackenzieDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, AustraliaC. B. CroppDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAB. PanigrahyNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USAEileen N. OstlundNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USABeverly J. SchmittNational Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USAM. MalkinsonDivision of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, IsraelC. BanetDivision of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, IsraelJ. WeissmanDivision of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, IsraelNicholas KomarDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAHarry M. SavageDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USAWard B. StoneWildlife Pathology Unit, Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, NY 12054, USATracey McNamaraWildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USADuane J. GublerDivision of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA
1999en
ABI
Аннотация
In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998.
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