Nonperturbative quark-antiquark production from a constant chromoelectric field via the Schwinger mechanism

We obtain an exact result for the nonperturbative quark (antiquark) production rate and its ${p}_{T}$ distribution from a constant SU(3) chromoelectric field ${E}^{a}$ with arbitrary color index $a$ by directly evaluating the path integral. Unlike the WKB tunneling result, which depends only on one gauge invariant quantity $|E|$, the strength of the chromoelectric field, we find that the exact result for the ${p}_{T}$ distribution for quark (antiquark) production rate depends on two independent Casimir (gauge) invariants, ${E}^{a}{E}^{a}$ and $[{d}_{abc}{E}^{a}{E}^{b}{E}^{c}{]}^{2}$.

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