Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1
H. KrawczynskiDepartment of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAFabio MuleriIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyMichal DovčiakAstronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech RepublicAlexandra VeledinaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandNicole Rodriguez CaveroDepartment of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAJiří SvobodaAstronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech RepublicAdam IngramSchool of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UKG. MattDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, ItalyJavier A. GarcíaDivision of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAVladislav LoktevDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandMichela NegroCenter for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAJuri PoutanenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandTakao KitaguchiRikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JapanJakub PodgornýAstronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech RepublicJohn RankinIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyWenda ZhangNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaA. BerdyuginDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandS. V. BerdyuginaEuler Institute, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6962 Lugano, SwitzerlandS. BianchiDipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, ItalyD. BlinovDepartment of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, GreeceFiamma CapitanioIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyNiccolò Di LallaDepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAPaul A. DraghisDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USASergio FabianiIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyMasato KagitaniSchool of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, JapanVadim KravtsovDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandS. KiehlmannDepartment of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, GreeceL. LatronicoIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, ItalyA. LutovinovSpace Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaNikos MandarakasDepartment of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, GreeceFrédéric MarinCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceAndrea MarinucciAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, ItalyJ. M. MïllerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USATsunefumi MizunoHiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanS. MolkovSpace Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaN. OmodeiDepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAPierre-Olivier PetrucciInstitut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, FranceAjay RatheeshIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyTakeshi SakanoiSchool of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, JapanA. SemenaSpace Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, RussiaRaphael SkalidisDepartment of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, GreeceP. SoffittaIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyAllyn F. TennantNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAPhillipp ThalhammerDr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, GermanyFrancesco TombesiDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAMartin C. WeisskopfNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAJ. WilmsDr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, GermanySixuan ZhangHiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanI. AgudoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, SpainL. A. AntonelliINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, ItalyMatteo BachettiINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, ItalyL. BaldiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyW. H. BaumgartnerNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAR. BellazziniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyStephen D. BongiornoNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAR. BoninoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, ItalyA. BrezIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyN. BucciantiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, ItalySimone CastellanoIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyE. CavazzutiAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, ItalyS. CipriniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, ItalyE. CostaIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyAlessandra De RosaIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyE. Del MonteIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyLaura Di GesuAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, ItalyAlessandro Di MarcoIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyI. DonnarummaAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, ItalyVictor DoroshenkoInstitut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanySteven R. EhlertNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USATeruaki EnotoRikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JapanY. EvangelistaIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyRiccardo FerrazzoliIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyShuichi GunjiDepartment of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, JapanKiyoshi HayashidaDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanJeremy HeylDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaW. IwakiriDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, JapanSvetlana G. JorstadDepartment of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, RussiaV. KarasAstronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech RepublicJeffery J. KolodziejczakNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAFabio La MonacaIstituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, ItalyIoannis LiodakisFinnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory (ESO), 20014 University of Turku, Turku, FinlandS. MalderaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, ItalyAlberto ManfredaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyAlan P. MarscherInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USAHerman L. MarshallKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAIkuyuki MitsuishiDivision of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, JapanC.‐Y. NgDepartment of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongStephen L. O’DellNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USAC. OppedisanoIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, ItalyAlessandro PapittoINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, ItalyGeorge G. PavlovDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAAbel L. PeirsonDepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAM. PerriINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, ItalyM. Pesce-RollinsIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyM. PiliaINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, ItalyAndrea PossentiINAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, ItalySimonetta PuccettiSpace Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, ItalyBrian D. RamseyNASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USARoger W. RomaniDepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAC. SgróIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
2022en
ABI
Аннотация
A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray-emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray-emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.
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