Обзорная статья

Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research

Yongjun XuUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaXin LiuAcademy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaXin CaoZhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaChangping HuangAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaEnke LiuInstitute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaSen QianInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaXingchen LiuInstitute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaYanjun WuUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaFengliang DongUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCheng‐Wei QiuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, SingaporeJunjun QiuShanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, ChinaKeqin HuaDepartment of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, ChinaWentao SuSchool of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, ChinaJian WuSecond Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaHuiyu XuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaYong HanZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, ChinaChenguang FuSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaZhigang YinFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaMiao LiuSongshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, ChinaRonald RoepmanMedical Center, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the NetherlandsSabine DietmannInstitute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAMarko VirtaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFredrick Orori KengaraSchool of Pure and Applied Sciences, Bomet University College, Bomet 20400, KenyaZe ZhangAgriculture College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaLifu ZhangAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaTaolan ZhaoInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaJi DaiThe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaJialiang YangGeneis (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, ChinaLiang LanDepartment of Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, ChinaMing LuoSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaZhaofeng LiuInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaTao AnShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, ChinaBin ZhangInstitute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaXiao HeInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShan CongSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, ChinaXiaohong LiuChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaWei ZhangChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaJames P. LewisInstitute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaJames M. TiedjeCenter for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAQi WangZhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaZhulin AnInstitute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaFei WangUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaLibo ZhangUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaTao HuangShanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinaChuan LüDepartment of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FL, UKZhipeng CaiDepartment of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAWang FangInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaJiabao ZhangUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

2021en

ABI

Аннотация

Y Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integration of AI into each scientific discipline. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar