Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. AabIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsP. AbreuLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalM. AgliettaINFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, ItalyI. F. M. AlbuquerqueUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, BrazilJustin M. AlburyUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaI. AllekotteCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaA. AlmelaInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaJ. Alvarez CastilloUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., MéxicoJaime Álvarez-MuñizInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (I.G.F.A.E.), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainGioacchino Alex AnastasiGran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, ItalyLuis A. AnchordoquiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USABelén AndradaInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaS. AndringaLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalC. AramoINFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, ItalyH. AsoreyCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaP. AssisLIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle PhysicsG. ÁvilaObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaAlina Mihaela BadescuUniversity Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, RomaniaAlena BakalováInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicA. Balaceanu“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, RomaniaFelicia BarbatoINFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, ItalyRicardo Jorge Barreira LuzLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalS. BaurKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyK. BeckerBergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, GermanyJ. A. BellidoUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaCorinne BératUniversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France, FranceM. E. BertainaINFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, ItalyX. BertouCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaPeter L. BiermannMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyJonathan BiteauInstitut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris/Saclay, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, FranceS. G. BlaessUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaA. BlancoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalJiří BlažekInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicC. BleveINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyM. BoháčováInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicDenise BoncioliGran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, ItalyC. BonifaziUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilNataliia BorodaiInstitute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, PolandAna Martina BottiInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaJ. BrackColorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USAT. BretzRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyA. BridgemanKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, GermanyF. L. BriechleRWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GermanyP. BuchholzUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik—Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, GermanyA. BuenoUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, SpainS. BuitinkVrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, BelgiumMario BuscemiINFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, ItalyK. S. Caballero‐MoraUniversidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, MéxicoLorenzo CaccianigaUniversità di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, ItalyL. CalcagniIFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, ArgentinaA. CancioInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaF. CanforaIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJuan Miguel CarcellerUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, SpainR. CarusoINFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, ItalyA. CastellinaINFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, ItalyF. CatalaniUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, BrazilG. CataldiINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyLorenzo CazonLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalM. CerdaObservatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, ArgentinaC. DobrigkeitUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilJ. ChudobaInstitute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicL. ChytkaPalacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech RepublicR. W. ClayUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaA. C. Cobos CeruttiInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional—Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, ArgentinaRoberta ColalilloINFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, ItalyAlan ColemanPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAM. R. ColucciaINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyR. ConceiçãoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalAntonio CondorelliGran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, ItalyGiovanni ConsolatiINFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, ItalyF. ContrerasObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaFabio ConvengaINFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, ItalyM. J. CooperUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaS. CoutuPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAC. E. CovaultCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USAB. DanielUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilS. DassoDepartamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaK. DaumillerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyB. R. DawsonUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaJ. A. DayUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaR. M. de AlmeidaUniversidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, BrazilS. J. de JongIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsG. De MauroIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJ. R. T. de Mello NetoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilI. De MitriGran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, ItalyJ. de OliveiraUniversidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, BrazilF. O. de Oliveira SallesCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilV. de SouzaUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, BrazilJ. DebatinKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe, GermanyM. del RíoObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaO. DelignyInstitut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris/Saclay, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, FranceN. DhitalInstitute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, PolandM. L. Díaz CastroUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilFrancisco DiogoLaboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa—UL, Lisboa, PortugalC. DobrigkeitUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilJ. C. D’OlivoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., MéxicoQ. DorostiUniversität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik—Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, GermanyR. C. dos AnjosUniversidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, BrazilMaria-Teresa DovaIFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, ArgentinaA. DundovicUniversität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
2019en
ABI
Аннотация
The determination of the primary energy of extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique requires an estimation of the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. This estimation is typically made using Monte Carlo simulations and thus depends on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work we present a new method to obtain the invisible energy from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method uses measurements of the muon number at ground level, and it allows us to significantly reduce the systematic uncertainties related to the mass composition and the high energy hadronic interaction models, and consequently to improve the estimation of the energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
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