Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A − a performance study *
F. AharonianDublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, IrelandQ. AnState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, China克古 AxikeguL. X. BaiCollege of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaY. X. BaiTIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaY. W. BaoSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaD. BastieriCenter for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaX. J. BiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaY. J. BiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaH. CaiSchool of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaJ. T. CaiCenter for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaZ. CaoKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaZ. CaoKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaJ. ChangKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaJ. F. ChangKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaX. C. ChangKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaB. M. ChenHebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaJ. ChenCollege of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaL. ChenKey Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, ChinaL. ChenKey Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, ChinaL. ChenKey Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, ChinaM. J. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaM. L. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaQ. H. ChenSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaS. H. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaS. Z. ChenUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaT. L. ChenKey Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, ChinaX. L. ChenKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaY. ChenSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaN. ChengKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaY. D. ChengKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaS. W. CuiHebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaX. H. CuiNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, ChinaY. D. CuiSchool of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, ChinaB. Z. DaiSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaH. L. DaiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaZ. G. DaiSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China罗布 DanzengluobuD. della VolpeDépartement de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandB. D'Ettorre PiazzoliDipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, ItalyX. J. DongKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaJ. H. FanCenter for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaY. Z. FanKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaZ. X. FanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaJ. FangSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaK. FangKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaC. F. FengInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaL. FengKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaS. H. FengKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaY. L. FengKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaB. GaoKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaC. D. GaoInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaQ. GaoKey Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, ChinaW. GaoInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaM. M. GeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaL. S. GengKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaG. H. GongDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, ChinaQ. B. GouKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaM. H. GuKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaJ. G. GuoKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaX. L. GuoSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaY. Q. GuoKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaY. Y. GuoKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaY. A. HanSchool of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaH. H. HeKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaH. N. HeKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaJ. C. HeKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaS. L. HeCenter for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaX. B. HeSchool of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, ChinaY. HeSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaM. HellerDépartement de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandY. K. HorSchool of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, ChinaC. HouKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaX. HouYunnan ObservatoriesH. B. HuKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaS. HuCollege of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaS. C. HuCollege of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaX. J. HuDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, ChinaD. H. HuangSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaQ. L. HuangKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaW. H. HuangInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaX. T. HuangInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaZ. C. HuangSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaF. JiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaX. L. JiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaH. Y. JiaSchool of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaK. JiangState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, ChinaZ. J. JiangSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaC. JinKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaD. KuleshovInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, RussiaK. LevochkinInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, RussiaB. B. LiHebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaC. LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaC. LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaF. LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaH. B. LiKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaH. C. LiKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaH. Y. LiKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaJ. LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, ChinaK. LiKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
2020en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV. Even though the detector construction is still underway, half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019. In this paper, we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula, a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy. We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10 100 TeV and 100 TeV with high significance, by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020. With the observations, we test the detector performance, including angular resolution, pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function d N /d E = (1.13 0.05 0.08 ) 10 ( E /20 TeV) cm s TeV . It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments. This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena, such as cosmic PeVatrons, might be discovered.
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