Статья

Decline in Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Israel Associated With Suppression of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses, Despite Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage: A Prospective Cohort Study

Dana DaninoFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , IsraelShalom Ben‐ShimolFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , IsraelBart Adriaan van der BeekFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , IsraelNoga Givon‐LaviFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , IsraelYonat Shemer AvniClinical Virology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer-Sheva , Israel andDavid GreenbergFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , IsraelDaniel M. WeinbergerDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut , USARon DaganFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel

2021en

ABI

Аннотация

BACKGROUND: The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies hypothesized that this was due to reduced pneumococcal transmission resulting from nonpharmaceutical interventions. We used multiple ongoing cohort surveillance projects in children <5 years to test this hypothesis. METHODS: The first SARS-CoV-2 cases were detected in February 2020, resulting in a full lockdown, followed by several partial restrictions. Data from ongoing surveillance projects captured the incidence dynamics of community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP), nonalveolar lower respiratory infections necessitating chest X-rays (NA-LRIs), nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in nonrespiratory visits, nasopharyngeal respiratory virus detection (by polymerase chain reaction), and nationwide IPD. Monthly rates (January 2020 through February 2021 vs mean monthly rates 2016-2019 [expected rates]) adjusted for age and ethnicity were compared. RESULTS: CAAP and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia were strongly reduced (incidence rate ratios [IRRs]: .07 and .19, respectively); NA-LRIs and nonpneumonia IPD were also reduced by a lesser magnitude (IRRs: .46 and .42, respectively). In contrast, pneumococcal carriage prevalence was only slightly reduced, and density of colonization and pneumococcal serotype distributions were similar to previous years. The decline in pneumococcus-associated disease was temporally associated with a full suppression of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, and human metapneumovirus, often implicated as co-pathogens with pneumococcus. In contrast, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza activities were within or above expected levels. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in pneumococcal and pneumococcus-associated diseases occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel were not predominantly related to reduced pneumococcal carriage and density but were strongly associated with the disappearance of specific respiratory viruses.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab1014

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

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