Статья

Chaotic Quantum Encryption to Secure Image Data in Post Quantum Consumer Technology

Muhammad Shahbaz KhanDepartment of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, PakistanJawad AhmadSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.KAhmed Al‐DubaiSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.KNikolaos PitropakisSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.KBaraq GhalebSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.KAmjad UllahSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.KMuhammad Attique KhanDepartment of Computer Science, HITEC University, Taxila, PakistanWilliam J. BuchananSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K

2024en

ABI

Аннотация

The rapid advancement in consumer technology has led to an exponential increase in the connected devices, resulting in an enormous and continuous flow of data, particularly the image data. This data needs to be processed, managed, and secured efficiently, especially in the quantum-enabled consumer technology era. This paper, in this regards, presents a quantum image encryption scheme featuring a novel two-phase chaotic confusion-diffusion architecture. The proposed architecture consists of four distinct confusion-diffusion modules that perform a simultaneous qubit and pixel-level encryption on both the position and intensity of quantum encoded pixels. Moreover, quantum circuits for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\prime }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>qubit-level chaotic transformation<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\prime }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\prime }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>chaos-based selective perfect shuffle operation<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\prime }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been implemented, which collectively enhance the encryption strength of the proposed scheme. Extensive evaluation has been performed based on various statistical security parameters, such as entropy and correlation. When subjected to differential attacks, the proposed scheme proved its resilience exhibiting ideal results of average 99.6% NPCR (Number of Pixels Change Rate) and 33.5% UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity). Besides, the proposed scheme also demonstrated resilience against occlusion attacks. Tests involving 50% data occlusion from encrypted images validated the proposed scheme’s capability to successfully decrypt the tampered images, recovering maximum information.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1109/tce.2024.3415411

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

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