An evidence of triple kinetic freezeout scenario observed in all centrality intervals in Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at high energies

Abstract Transverse momentum spectra of π + , K + , p , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , Λ, Ξ or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and Ω or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in copper–copper (Cu–Cu), gold–gold (Au–Au) and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 2.76 TeV respectively, are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and Ω or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> have larger kinetic freezeout temperature followed by K + , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and Λ than π + and p due to smaller reaction cross-sections of multi-strange and strange particles than non-strange particles. The present work reveals the scenario of triple kinetic freezeout in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing rest mass of the particle. In addition, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are decreasing from central to peripheral collisions while the parameter q increase from central to peripheral collisions, indicating the approach of quick equilibrium in the central collisions. Besides, the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume are observed to be larger in larger collision system which shows its dependence on the size of the interacting system, while transverse flow velocity increase with increasing energy.

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