Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays
R. AaijNikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, NetherlandsC. Abellán BetetaPhysik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandT. AckernleyOliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UKB. AdevaInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainM. AdinolfiH.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKH. AfsharniaUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, MI, FranceC. A. AidalaUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USAS. AiolaINFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, ItalyZ. AjaltouniUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, MI, FranceS. AkarUniversity of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USAJ. AlbrechtFakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyF. AlessioEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandM. AlexanderSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKA. Alfonso AlberoICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainZ. AlioucheDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKG. AlkhazovPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, RussiaP. Álvarez CartelleCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKS. AmatoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilY. AmhisUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, FranceL. AnEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandL. AnINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, ItalyA. AndreianovPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, RussiaM. AndreottiINFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyF. ArchilliPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyA. ArtamonovInstitute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, RussiaM. ArtusoSyracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAK. ArzymatovYandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, RussiaE. AslanidesAix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceM. AtzeniPhysik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandB. AudurierLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, FranceS. BachmannPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyJ. J. BackInstitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandJ. J. BackDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKP. Baladrón RodríguezInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainV. BalaguraLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, FranceW. BaldiniINFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyJ. Baptista de Souza LeiteCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilR. J. BarlowDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKS. BarsukUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, FranceW. BarterImperial College London, London, UKM. BartoliniINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, ItalyF. BaryshnikovNational University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Moscow, RussiaJ. M. BaselsI. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, GermanyG. BassiINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyB. BatsukhSyracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAA. BattigFakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyA. BayInstitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandM. BeckerFakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyF. BedeschiINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, ItalyI. BediagaCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilA. BeiterSyracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAV. BelavinYandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, RussiaA. BeiterINFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, ItalyV. BelléeInstitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandK. BelousInstitute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, RussiaI. BelovInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, RussiaI. BelyaevInstitute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, RussiaG. BencivenniINFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, ItalyE. Ben-HaimLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, FranceA. BerezhnoyInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, RussiaR. BernetPhysik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandD. BerninghoffPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyH. C. BernsteinSyracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAC. BertellaEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandA. BertolinUniversita degli Studi di Padova, Universita e INFN, Padova, Padova, ItalyC. BetancourtPhysik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandF. BettiEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandIa. BezshyikoPhysik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandS. BhasinH.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKJ. BhomHenryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, PolandL. BianSchool of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaM. S. BiekerFakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyS. BifaniUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKP. BilloirLPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, FranceM. BirchImperial College London, London, UKF. C. R. BishopCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKA. BitadzeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKA. BizzetiINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, ItalyM. BjørnDepartment of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKM. P. BlagoEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandT. BlakeDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKF. BlancInstitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandS. BluskSyracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAD. BobulskaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKJ. A. BoelhauveFakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyO. Boente GarcíaInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainT. BoettcherMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAA. BoldyrevNational Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, RussiaA. BondarBudker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, RussiaN. BondarEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandS. BorghiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKM. BorisyakYandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, RussiaM. BorsatoPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyJ. T. BorsukHenryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, PolandS. A. BouchibaInstitute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandT. J. V. BowcockOliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UKA. BoyerEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandC. BozziINFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyM. J. BradleyImperial College London, London, UKS. BraunUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
2022en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown that a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the standard model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.
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