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Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Boris BikbovIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyCaroline PurcellIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAndrew S. LeveyInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMari SmithIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere ScientificoAmir AbdoliIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMolla AbebeIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyOladimeji AdebayoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMohsen AfaridehIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySanjay Kumar AgarwalInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMarcela Agudelo‐BoteroIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyElham AhmadianInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAZiyad Al‐AlyIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyVahid AlipourInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAmir Almasi‐HashianiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USARajaa Al‐RaddadiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USANelson Alvis‐GuzmánIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySaeed AminiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USATudorel AndreiIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyCătălina Liliana AndreiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAZewudu AndualemIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMina AnjomshoaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAJalal ArablooIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAlebachew Fasil AshagreInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USADaniel AsmelashIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyZerihun AtaroInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMaha AtoutIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMartin Amogre AyanoreInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAlaa BadawiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAhad BakhtiariInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAShoshana H. BallewInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAbbas BalouchiIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMaciej BanachInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USASı́món BarqueraIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySanjay BasuIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMulat Tirfie BayihInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USANeeraj BediIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAminu K. BelloIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyIsabela M. BenseñorIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAli BijaniInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAArchith BoloorInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAntonio Maria BorzìLuis Alberto CámeraIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyJuan Jesús CarreroInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAFélix CarvalhoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAFranz CastroInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAFerrán Catalá-LópezIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAlex R. ChangInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAKen Lee ChinIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySheng‐Chia ChungInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMassimo CírilloInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAEwerton CousinInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USALalit DandonaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USARakhi DandonaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAhmad DaryaniInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USARajat Das GuptaFeleke Mekonnen DemekeIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyGebre Teklemariam DemozIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyDesilu Mahari DestaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAHuyen PhucIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyBruce Bartholow DuncanInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAziz EftekhariIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAlireza EsteghamatiIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySyeda Sadia FatimaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAJoão Carlos FernandesIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyEduarda FernandesIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyFlorian FischerInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMarisa FreitasInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAMohamed M. GadGebreamlak Gebremedhn GebremeskelBegashaw Melaku GebresillassieInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USABirhanu GetaIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMansour GhafourifardIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyAlireza GhajarIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyNermin GhithIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyParamjit GillInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAIbrahim GinawiIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyRajeev GuptaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USANima Hafezi‐NejadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAArvin Haj‐MirzaianInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAArya Haj‐MirzaianInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USANinuk HariyaniIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMehedi HasanIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMilad HasankhaniInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAAmir HasanzadehIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyHamid Yimam HassenInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USASimon I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USABehnam HeidariIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyClaudiu HerţeliuIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyChi Linh HoangIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMostafa HosseiniIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyMihaela HostiucInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USASeyed Sina Naghibi IrvaniIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySheikh Mohammed Shariful IslamInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USANader Jafari BalalamiSpencer L JamesIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalySimerjot K JassalIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyVivekanand JhaIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo 24020, ItalyJost B JonasInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAFarahnaz JoukarInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USAJacek Jerzy JozwiakInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
2020en
ABI

Аннотация

BACKGROUND: Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. METHODS: The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, -1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, -1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. INTERPRETATION: Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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