Статья

A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave

Fabrizio MafessoniDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Steffi GroteDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Cesare de FilippoDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Viviane SlonDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;К. А. КолобоваInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;Bence ViolaDepartment of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada;С. В. МаркинInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;Manjusha ChintalapatiDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Stéphane PeyrégneDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Laurits SkovDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Pontus SkoglundAncient Genomics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom;A. KrivoshapkinInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;А. П. ДеревянкоInstitute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;Matthias MeyerDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Janet KelsoDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Benjamin M. PeterDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Kay PrüferDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;Svante PääboDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;

2020en

ABI

Аннотация

We sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains, Russia, to 27-fold genomic coverage. We show that this Neandertal was a female and that she was more related to Neandertals in western Eurasia [Prüfer et al., Science 358, 655-658 (2017); Hajdinjak et al., Nature 555, 652-656 (2018)] than to Neandertals who lived earlier in Denisova Cave [Prüfer et al., Nature 505, 43-49 (2014)], which is located about 100 km away. About 12.9% of the Chagyrskaya genome is spanned by homozygous regions that are between 2.5 and 10 centiMorgans (cM) long. This is consistent with the fact that Siberian Neandertals lived in relatively isolated populations of less than 60 individuals. In contrast, a Neandertal from Europe, a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains, and ancient modern humans seem to have lived in populations of larger sizes. The availability of three Neandertal genomes of high quality allows a view of genetic features that were unique to Neandertals and that are likely to have been at high frequency among them. We find that genes highly expressed in the striatum in the basal ganglia of the brain carry more amino-acid-changing substitutions than genes expressed elsewhere in the brain, suggesting that the striatum may have evolved unique functions in Neandertals.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004944117

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar