Статья

Nanopurification of silicon from 84% to 99.999% purity with a simple and scalable process

Linqi ZongNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Bin ZhuNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Zhenda LuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;Yingling TanNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Yan JinNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Nian LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;Yue HuNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Shuai GuNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Jia ZhuNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Yi CuiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;

2015en

ABI

Аннотация

Silicon, with its great abundance and mature infrastructure, is a foundational material for a range of applications, such as electronics, sensors, solar cells, batteries, and thermoelectrics. These applications rely on the purification of Si to different levels. Recently, it has been shown that nanosized silicon can offer additional advantages, such as enhanced mechanical properties, significant absorption enhancement, and reduced thermal conductivity. However, current processes to produce and purify Si are complex, expensive, and energy-intensive. Here, we show a nanopurification process, which involves only simple and scalable ball milling and acid etching, to increase Si purity drastically [up to 99.999% (wt %)] directly from low-grade and low-cost ferrosilicon [84% (wt %) Si; ∼$1/kg]. It is found that the impurity-rich regions are mechanically weak as breaking points during ball milling and thus, exposed on the surface, and they can be conveniently and effectively removed by chemical etching. We discovered that the purity goes up with the size of Si particles going down, resulting in high purity at the sub-100-nm scale. The produced Si nanoparticles with high purity and small size exhibit high performance as Li ion battery anodes, with high reversible capacity (1,755 mAh g(-1)) and long cycle life (73% capacity retention over 500 cycles). This nanopurification process provides a complimentary route to produce Si, with finely controlled size and purity, in a diverse set of applications.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513012112

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar