The semiconductor revolution in the 20th century

This review is based on the plenary lecture presented by the author at the German–Russian Scientific Symposium 'Chemistry Shaping the Future' held in November, 2012, at the Central House of Scientists in Moscow. The review considers the background and milestones of the revolutionary development of semiconductor electronics in the 20th century, including the discovery of the transistor and semiconductor laser. The role of heterostructures and quantum size effects is highlighted. The significance of semiconductor solar energy converters for solving energy problems is discussed. The bibliography includes 32 references.

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