Nonlinear k ⊥ factorization: A new paradigm for hard QCD processes in a nuclear environment

A large thickness of the heavy nuclei brings a new hard scale into the pQCD description of hard processes in a nuclear environment. This new scale breaks the conventional linear k ⊥ factorization which must be replaced by a new concept of the nonlinear nuclear k ⊥ factorization. Here, we review the recent progress in the theory of nonlinear k ⊥ factorization. Our focus is on the role of diffractive interactions, the variation of the pattern of k ⊥ factorization for single-jet processes from deep inelastic scattering to hadron-nucleus collisions and universality classes for dijet production off nuclei.

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