SPIDER – X. Environmental effects in central and satellite early-type galaxies through the stellar fossil record

A detailed analysis of how environment affects the star formation history of early-type galaxies (ETGs) is undertaken via high signal-to-noise ratio stacked spectra obtained from a sample of 20 977 ETGs (morphologically selected) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-based SPIDER survey. Two major parameters are considered for the study: the central velocity dispersion ( ), which relates to local drivers of star formation, and the mass of the host halo, which relates to environment-related effects. In addition, we separate the sample between centrals (the most massive galaxy in a halo) and satellites. We derive trends of age, metallicity, and [/Fe] enhancement, with . We confirm that the major driver of stellar population properties in ETGs is velocity dispersion, with a second-order effect associated with the central/satellite nature of the galaxy. No environmental dependence is detected for satellite ETGs, except at low -where satellites in groups or in the outskirts of clusters tend to be younger than those in the central regions of clusters. In contrast, the trends for centrals show a significant dependence on halo mass. Central ETGs in groups (i.e. with a halo mass >10 12.5 M ) have younger ages, lower [/Fe], and higher internal reddening, than 'isolated' systems (i.e. centrals residing in low-mass, <10 12.5 M , haloes). Our findings imply that central ETGs in groups formed their stellar component over longer time scales than 'isolated' centrals, mainly because of gas-rich interactions with their companion galaxies.

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