Order–disorder transformations and phase equilibria in strongly nonstoichiometric compounds

Data on order–disorder phase transformations in strongly nonstoichiometric carbides and nitrides MXy (X=C, N) of Group IV and V transition metals at temperatures below 1300–1400 K are reviewed. The order-parameter functional method as applied to atomic and vacancy ordering in strongly nonstoichiometric MXy compounds and to phase equilibrium calculations for M–X systems is discussed. Phase diagram calculations for the Ti–C, Zr–C, Hf–C, V–C, Nb–C, Ta–C, Ti–N, and Ti–B–C systems (with the inclusion of the ordering of nonstoichiometric carbides and nitrides) and those for pseudobinary carbide M(1)C–M(2)C systems are presented. Heat capacity, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility changes at reversible order–disorder phase transformations in nonstoichiometric carbides are considered.

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