Статья

The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses

Andrew H. PatersonPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. [email protected]John BowersPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA ,Rémy BruggmannWaksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ,Inna DubchakDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Jane GrimwoodStanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA ,Heidrun GundlachMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Georg HabererMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Uffe HellstenDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Therese MitrosCenter for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA ,Alexander PoliakovDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Jeremy SchmutzStanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA ,M. SpannaglMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Haibao TangPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA ,Xiyin WangCollege of Sciences, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China ,Thomas WickerInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland ,Arvind K. BhartiWaksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ,Jarrod ChapmanDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,F. Alex FeltusDepartment of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA,Udo GowikInstitut fur Entwicklungs und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, GermanyIgor V. GrigorievDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Eric LyonsDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA,Christopher A. MaherCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA ,Mihaela MartisMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Apurva NarechaniaCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA ,Robert OtillarDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Bryan W. PenningDepartment of Biological Sciences,,Asaf SalamovDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,Yu WangMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Lifang ZhangCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA ,Nicholas C. CarpitaDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA,Michael FreelingDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA,Alan R. GinglePlant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA ,C T HashInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, IndiaBeat KellerInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland ,Patricia E. KleinDepartment of Horticulture and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA,Stephen KresovichInstitute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA ,Maureen C. McCannDepartment of Biological Sciences,,Ray MingDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA,Daniel G. PetersonMississippi Genome Exploration Laboratory, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA ,Mehboob‐ur‐ RahmanNational Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, PakistanDoreen WareCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA ,Peter WesthoffInstitut fur Entwicklungs und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, GermanyKlaus MayerMIPS/IBIS, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Inglostaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Joachim MessingWaksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ,Daniel S. RokhsarDOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA ,

2009en

ABI

Аннотация

Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the ∼730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing ∼98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the ∼75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization ∼70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum–rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum’s drought tolerance. The Sorghum bicolor genome sequence is published this week. Sorghum is a cereal grown widely as food, animal feed, fibre and fuel. Tolerant to hot, dry conditions, it is a staple for large populations in the West African Sahel region. Comparisons of the genome with those of maize and rice shed light on the evolution of grasses and of C4 photosynthesis, which is particularly efficient at assimilating carbon at high temperatures. In addition, protein coding genes and miRNAs that could contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance may also be found. Sorghum yield improvement has lagged behind that of other crops and the availability of the genome sequence could provide a vital boost to work on its improvement. Sorghum is an African grass that is grown for food, animal feed and fuel. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the ∼730 megabase genome of Sorghum bicolor. Genome analysis and its comparison with maize and rice shed light on grass genome evolution and also provide insights into the evolution of C4 photosynthesis, as well as protein coding genes and miRNAs that might contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1038/nature07723

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