Статья

Review of degradation and failure phenomena in photovoltaic modules

Mohammadreza AghaeiDepartment of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 6009, Alesund, NorwayAndrew FairbrotherÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory, Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002, Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandAbdülkerim GökDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyShahzada AhmadBCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, SpainSamrana KazimBCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, SpainK. LobatoInstituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências,Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, PortugalGernot OreškiPolymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, AustriaAngèle ReindersDepartment of Design, Production and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the NetherlandsJurriaan SchmitzMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the NetherlandsMirjam TheelenTNO Partner in Solliance, High Tech Campus 21, 5656, AE, Eindhoven, the NetherlandsPelin YilmazMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500, AE, Enschede, the NetherlandsJeff KettleJames Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

2022en

ABI

Аннотация

The degradation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is one of the key factors to address in order to reduce the cost of the electricity produced by increasing the operational lifetime of PV systems. To reduce the degradation, it is imperative to know the degradation and failure phenomena. This review article has been prepared to present an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the reliability of PV modules. Whilst the most common technology today is mono- and multi-crystalline silicon, this article aims to give a generic summary which is relevant for a wider range of photovoltaic technologies including cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide and emerging low-cost high-efficiency technologies. The review consists of three parts: firstly, a brief contextual summary about reliability metrics and how reliability is measured. Secondly, a summary of the main stress factors and how they influence module degradation. Finally, a detailed review of degradation and failure modes, which has been partitioned by the individual component within a PV module. This section connects the degradation phenomena and failure modes to the module component, and its effects on the PV system. Building on this knowledge, strategies to improve the operational lifetime of PV systems and thus, to reduce the electricity cost can be devised. Through extensive testing and failure analysis, researchers now have a much better overview of stressors and their impact on long term stability.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112160

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar