Статья

Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 – Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts

Jeremiah ChakayaDepartment of Medicine, Therapeutics and Dermatology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected]Mishal KhanLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected]Francine NtoumiUniversité Marien Gouabi, Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected]Eleni AklilluDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: [email protected]Razia FatimaPeter MwabaLusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: [email protected]Nathan KapataZambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: [email protected]Sayoki MfinangaNational Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania. Electronic address: [email protected]Seyed E. HasnainDepartment of Bichemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: [email protected]Patrick DMC KatotoDepartment of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: [email protected]Andre Nyandwe Hamama BulabulaDepartment of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: [email protected]Nadia A. Sam‐AguduInternational Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. Electronic address: [email protected]Jean B. NachegaDepartment of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Dept of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Center for Global Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: [email protected]Simon TiberiBlizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected]Timothy D. McHughCenter for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected]Ibrahim AbubakarInstitute of Global health, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected]Alimuddin ZumlaDepartment of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected]

2021en

ABI

Аннотация

The October 2020 Global TB report reviews TB control strategies and United Nations (UN) targets set in the political declaration at the September 2018 UN General Assembly high-level meeting on TB held in New York. Progress in TB care and prevention has been very slow. In 2019, TB remained the most common cause of death from a single infectious pathogen. Globally, an estimated 10.0 million people developed TB disease in 2019, and there were an estimated 1.2 million TB deaths among HIV-negative people and an additional 208, 000 deaths among people living with HIV. Adults accounted for 88% and children for 12% of people with TB. The WHO regions of South-East Asia (44%), Africa (25%), and the Western Pacific (18%) had the most people with TB. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the global total: India (26%), Indonesia (8.5%), China (8.4%), the Philippines (6.0%), Pakistan (5.7%), Nigeria (4.4%), Bangladesh (3.6%) and South Africa (3.6%). Only 30% of the 3.5 million five-year target for children treated for TB was met. Major advances have been development of new all oral regimens for MDRTB and new regimens for preventive therapy. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic dislodged TB from the top infectious disease cause of mortality globally. Notably, global TB control efforts were not on track even before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many challenges remain to improve sub-optimal TB treatment and prevention services. Tuberculosis screening and diagnostic test services need to be ramped up. The major drivers of TB remain undernutrition, poverty, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and household air pollution and these need be addressed to achieve the WHO 2035 TB care and prevention targets. National programs need to include interventions for post-tuberculosis holistic wellbeing. From first detection of COVID-19 global coordination and political will with huge financial investments have led to the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV2 infection. The world now needs to similarly focus on development of new vaccines for TB utilizing new technological methods.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.107

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Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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