Electron Capture and Ionization of Pb Ions at 33 TeV

We have measured the total cross sections for electron capture by bare ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{82+}$ ions and ionization of hydrogenlike ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{81+}$ ions at 33 TeV ( $160\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{A}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}168$) in solid targets of Be, C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Au. The total capture cross sections are dominated by electron capture from pair production and are compared with theoretical calculations. The $1s$ ionization cross sections obtained are significantly smaller than those predicted by Anholt and Becker [Phys. Rev. A 36, 4628 (1987)]. The Pb radiative lifetimes extended by $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}168$ have a strong effect on the survival probability of excited states against ionization in high- $Z$ solid targets.

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