Effect of Anesthesia in the Ante- and Intranatal Periods of Development on the Cognitive Status of Children Aged from 0 to 3 Years

The article presents the results of a systematic review of publications aimed at analizing the effects of anesthesia during ante- and intranatal periods of development on the cognitive status of infants and young children. The search for publications was carried out by analyzing electronic bibliographic databases Web of Science and PubMed. The analysis revealed five factors, which determine the effects of ante- and intranatal anesthesia on the cognitive development of children: the type of anesthesia, the type of anesthetic, the period of childs development, the frequency and duration of exposure as well as the dosage and concentration of the substance. Such cognitive functions as memory, learning ability, speech, perceptual processes and motor activity as a predictor for intelligence formation in early childhood are the most vulnerable to the effects of ante- and intranatal anesthesia. The analysis led to the conclusion that regional anesthesia is the safest option of analgesia for operative delivery and non-surgical operations in pregnant women (in terms of the risks of neurocognitive development disorders in children). In the case of general anesthesia, the lowest risks of negative consequences for cognitive status of a child during early childhood are associated with the exposure of sevoflurane.

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