Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia

Ever since the 16th century when unified Russia emerged after a long period of feudal fragmentation the state played a key role in the development and standardization of the Russian language and in its spreading among various ethnic groups. Specific tasks and tools of state policy with regard to Russian and other languages varied greatly over time. Nevertheless, for centuries the major trend of Russia's language policy was the standardization both in a narrow sense (aimed at reducing dialectical barriers among ethnic Russians through the development and promotion of a standardized version of Russian) and in a wider sense (aimed at the expansion of the use of Russian in public affairs along with or sometimes instead of other languages).

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