Novel Lignin–Beeswax adhesive for production of composites from beech and spruce particles

The main aim of this work was the development of a novel adhesive based on lignin and beeswax suitable for the production of biocomposite materials from beech and spruce wood particles. Adhesive synthesis was based on natural and non-toxic products without any formaldehyde or other petroleum-based products (two adhesive variants were derived from beech and spruce kraft lignin filled with rapeseed straw powder; beeswax was used as a hydrophobizing agent). The thermal degradation properties and thermal stability of the prepared adhesives were evaluated using TGA and DSC. The prepared adhesives were used to produce particleboards. Consequently, the physical and mechanical properties of composites were evaluated in detail, as well as the character of bond rupture. The IR spectra (FTIR) of adhesives and particleboards were recorded in order to characterize the adhesives and composites from the chemical point of view. Particleboards produced from spruce particles achieved higher mechanical properties (IB, MOR, and MOE) than particleboards produced from beech particles. While the effect of the type of adhesive on mechanical properties was not observed, the adhesive used did affect physical properties; thickness swelling of boards was lower when using a beech-derived adhesive. Except for tensile shear strength and MOE, the developed adhesive did not reach values of reference UF adhesive. Based on the results it can be stated that the prepared adhesive can only be applied for internal purposes due to its ability to be hydrolyzed.

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