Data and survey

This dataset supports the research article entitled “Hard Quality Management as a Mediator between Soft TQM Practices and Financial Sustainability in Higher Education.” It contains the primary empirical data used to examine the relationships between Soft Quality Management (Soft QM), Hard Quality Management (Hard QM), Non-Financial Performance, and Financial Performance in higher education institutions. The dataset consists of two files: Survey questionnaire (PDF) used for data collection from academic and administrative staff in higher education institutions. The instrument includes validated multi-item Likert-scale measures covering leadership commitment, people management, strategic planning, student focus, process management, information and analysis, continuous improvement, and performance outcomes. Processed survey data file (SPSS .sav) containing anonymised responses from 211 participants. The dataset was used for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation/moderation testing using Hayes’ PROCESS macro. All personal identifiers have been removed to ensure confidentiality and compliance with ethical research standards. The data are shared for transparency, validation, and academic reuse. Due to ethical and institutional considerations, the files are provided with restricted access and may be made available upon reasonable request to the author. This dataset contributes to empirical research on Total Quality Management, sustainable higher education governance, and performance-based institutional management, particularly in emerging and reforming higher education systems.

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