EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES BASED ON SALIVA USING NANO-BIOSENSORS

Periodontal diseases are among the most common oral health problems worldwide, often progressing silently before clinical symptoms appear. Early detection is essential to prevent irreversible tissue damage and guide timely treatment. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of nano-biosensors capable of detecting salivary biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. These biosensors can identify key indicators of periodontal inflammation, including interleukins, matrix metalloproteinases, and bacterial metabolites at very low concentrations [1, 2]. Saliva-based nano-biosensors provide a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method for early diagnosis, allowing continuous monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic response [3, 4]. Integrating nano-biosensors with data analysis and predictive algorithms enables personalized oral healthcare, reducing invasive procedures and improving patient outcomes [5, 6]. Future perspectives highlight combining nano-biosensors with artificial intelligence and microfluidic platforms to enhance diagnostic accuracy, portability, and real-time monitoring of periodontal health [7, 8].

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