IMPROVEMENT OF SURGICAL TACTICS IN NEONATAL SMALL INTESTINAL ATRESIA

Small intestinal atresia is one of the most common causes of low intestinal obstruction in newborns and remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical outcomes depend on the anatomical type of atresia, presence of complications, and adequacy of surgical tactics. Aim: To optimize surgical management strategies for congenital small intestinal atresia in newborns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 newborns treated for small intestinal atresia between 2014 and 2016. Clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, surgical tactics, and outcomes were evaluated. Patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms were analyzed separately. Results: Complicated forms of atresia were identified in 41.5% of cases and were associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Primary anastomosis showed favorable outcomes in uncomplicated cases. Staged surgery with enterostomy was effective in the presence of peritonitis or sepsis. Mortality was mainly related to prematurity, sepsis, and complex anatomical types of atresia. Conclusion: Individualized surgical tactics based on anatomical type and clinical condition improve outcomes in neonatal small intestinal atresia. Early diagnosis, adequate preoperative preparation, and staged surgery in complicated cases are essential for reducing mortality and postoperative complications

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