ARFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPYRIGHT: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN THE AGE OF GENERATIVE AI

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly generative AI systems capable of creating text, images, music, and other creative works, has precipitated unprecedented challenges to traditional copyright frameworks. This comprehensive study examines the intersection of AI and copyright law, analyzing whether AI-generated works qualify for copyright protection, who owns such works, and how existing legal frameworks—including the Copyright and Related Rights Law of Uzbekistan—address these emerging issues. Through systematic legal analysis, comparative examination of international copyright regimes, and empirical assessment of judicial precedents, this research investigates three central questions: Can AI systems be considered "authors" under current copyright law? Who holds rights to AI-generated content—the AI developer, the user, or neither? How should copyright law evolve to accommodate AI while protecting human creativity? The study employs doctrinal legal research methodology, analyzing statutory provisions, case law from multiple jurisdictions, and scholarly literature. Key findings reveal fundamental tensions between anthropocentric copyright principles and AI capabilities, significant jurisdictional variations in approaches to AI-generated works, and the inadequacy of current legal frameworks to address AI-specific challenges. The research demonstrates that most jurisdictions, including Uzbekistan, require human authorship for copyright protection, rendering purely AI-generated works ineligible for copyright. However, works involving substantial human creative input alongside AI assistance may qualify for protection under the "human-in-the-loop" doctrine. The study identifies critical policy considerations including incentivizing AI innovation while protecting human creators, preventing AI systems from infringing existing copyrights through training data usage, and establishing clear ownership frameworks for collaborative human-AI creation. Based on these findings, the research proposes a hybrid legal framework incorporating modified authorship standards, new categories of intellectual property protection for AI-generated works, mandatory transparency requirements for AI training data, and international harmonization mechanisms. This framework aims to balance innovation incentives with creator protection while providing legal certainty in AI-content creation. The study concludes that adaptive legal reform, rather than wholesale rejection or uncritical acceptance of AI-generated works into copyright systems, offers the most promising path forward. Recommendations include legislative amendments to clarify AI-related copyright issues, development of industry standards and best practices, enhanced international cooperation on AI governance, and continued judicial interpretation to address emerging scenarios. This research contributes to copyright scholarship by providing comprehensive analysis of AI-copyright intersections, offers practical guidance for policymakers, and establishes a foundation for future legal developments in this rapidly evolving domain.

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