Обзорная статья

Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity

Veer SinghSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaNidhi SinghCentre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, IndiaManisha VermaSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaRashmi KamalSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaRitesh Kumar TiwariDepartment of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, IndiaMahesh Sanjay ChivateSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaSachchida NandCentre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, IndiaAshish KumarDepartment of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, IndiaAnupama SinghCentre for Energy and Environment, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, IndiaMohan SinghCentre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, IndiaEmanuel VamanuFaculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, RomaniaVishal MishraSchool of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India

2022en

ABI

Аннотация

Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122375

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

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