CAPABILITIES OF MULTIPARAMETRIC ECHOGRAPHY IN ASSESSING THE SEVERITY AND MONITORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF LARYNGEAL STENOSIS IN CHILDREN

Diagnosis of laryngeal diseases in children remains one of the most complex and pressing challenges in modern otolaryngology and radiology. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of childhood—a small airway, a high larynx, pronounced vascularity , and a tendency for the mucous membrane to rapidly develop edema—determine the high risk of rapid progression of the pathological process, leading to decompensated stenosis. The traditional "gold standard" for diagnosing laryngeal diseases is fiberoptic laryngoscopy . However, its use in pediatric practice is accompanied by several limitations, including the need for sedation, the risk of reactive laryngospasm, and potential mucosal trauma, which can worsen existing airway obstruction. Multislice computed tomography, despite its high spatial resolution, is limited by significant radiation exposure and static images, which reduces its usefulness in assessing the dynamic functional state of the vocal folds. In recent years, ultrasound examination of the neck organs has become increasingly common in clinical practice. The absence of ionizing radiation, non-invasiveness , and the ability to conduct the examination in real time expand the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging in visualizing the anatomical and functional features of the larynx in children. However, sonographic parameters of the larynx in normal and various pathological conditions, taking into account age-related characteristics, remain insufficiently standardized. The diagnostic value of ultrasound, in comparison with endoscopic data, also requires further clarification.

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