EFFECTS OF RAMADAN FASTING ON LIFESTYLE, COGNITIVE, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Fasting in Ramadan is a type of intermittent fasting practiced by Muslims worldwide. It is characterized by abstinence of food and water from dawn to dusk for the month. This dietary pattern influences sleep patterns, physical activity and metabolic processes. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to compare accessible physiological, lifestyle, cognitive and psychological factors between fasting and non-fasting individuals during Ramadan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was held among 90 participants, including 45 fasting and 45 non-fasting individuals. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire that assessed lifestyle factors, cognitive parameters, physical symptoms, and psychological well-being. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD, and comparisons between groups were performed using independent t-tests and chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Fasting participants reported shorter sleep duration (6.4 ± 1.5 vs 7.1 ± 1.3 hours), fewer daily meals (p < 0.001), and lower water intake (p = 0.012) compared with non-fasting participants. Perceived energy level, concentration, and decision-making ability were also significantly lower among fasting individuals. No significant differences were observed in caffeine intake, physical activity, physical symptoms, stress, or mood. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting is associated with changes in sleep, hydration, and perceived cognitive performance, while most physical and psychological factors remained mostly unchanged.

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