Koku Universe v3.1: Resolving the Circularity — c as a Geometric Invariant of the Riemann Koku-Face

This paper resolves the circularity problem identified in Koku Universe v3.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20534188). In v3.0, c = 2*pi*r/tau was defined, which was correctly identified as potentially circular. This paper demonstrates that c is not defined but derived as the conformal invariant of the Riemann Koku-face topology. The identification of center C with circumference C uniquely determines one invariant traversal rate, which is c. This removes c from empirical constants and places it in topological necessities. As a consequence, E = mc^2 becomes a geometric theorem. Three falsifiable predictions distinguish Koku Universe v3.1 from standard general relativity.

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