Koku Universe v3: Gravity as a Temporal Gradient and the Infinite Space Model of the Riemann Koku-Face

This paper presents the third version of the Koku Universe (刻宇宙) model, a geometric reinterpretation of time, gravity, and energy. Three core propositions are established: (1) Time is defined as the inter-layer interval between successive Koku-faces; (2) Gravity emerges as a temporal pressure gradient between hierarchical time layers, consistent with general relativistic time dilation; (3) The Koku-face possesses a Riemannian spherical topology in which center C and circumference C are the same point, yielding an infinite-space model from a zero-radius structure. This framework is structurally consistent with Einstein's field equations and Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC). Notably, the author designed the central diagram of this model as a New Year's greeting card in his twenties, predating the formal theoretical language by approximately 30 years.

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