Sustainable Cooling Through Solar‐Chimney Systems: A Systematic Review of Passive, Active, and PV/Thermoelectric‐Integrated Strategies for Design Optimization and Climate‐Resilient Building Applications

ABSTRACT Solar‐chimney cooling systems can provide a promising passive approach to minimizing building energy use, though they are highly sensitive to climate, design, and integration, and there has been no general synthesis of the most recent advances. This systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, which analyze 30 studies of experiments, numerical and computational fluid dynamics studies (selected through a PRISMA‐guided screening process) that were published between 2020 and 2026, which include passive systems (solar chimneys with earth‐to‐air heat exchangers, phase‐change materials, and radiative cooling), active integrations (evaporative cooling, water spray systems, windcatchers, and liquid desiccant dehumidification). The most important findings are that passive systems are less expensive and have a reduction of temperature of 3°C–12.5°C, a rate of 50–252 m 3 /h, and a save in a cooling energy of 40%–75%, whereas the active systems have more uniform performance and can save temperature by up to 6°C–12°C and have a relative humidity of up to 80%. The best geometric parameters are a chimney height of 10.5–13.0 m, an inclination angle of 45°–60°, and a window‐to‐wall ratio of 0.45–0.80, which enhance airflow by 1.15–2.67 m 3 /s and save cooling energy by 30%–32%. Systems that combine passive and active systems are the most feasible option, as they offer 90% of ventilation energy savings during peak summer and thermal comfort during low‐solar seasons. The review concludes that solar‐chimney cooling works best in hot and dry climates (Δ T = 5°C–12°C and 40%–75% energy savings), that combustion with photovoltaic panels increases electrical efficiency by 1%–10%

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