Critical fields and lattice structure of “tilted vortices” in a superconductor surface layer and in thin films

The vortex state which corresponds to a lattice of “tilted vortices” (Kulik vortices) is investigated in the surface layer of a Type II superconductor and in thin films in a field which forms a finite angle with the surface. Some inaccuracies are noticed in the calculations carried out by other authors, and an improved variational procedure is suggested, which allows one to determine the type of vortex structure, its space orientation, and the dependence of the critical magnetic field on the tilt angle.

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