Hysteresis in dislocation internal friction at low temperatures in lead with various impurities

A study has been made of the hysteresis in the low-temperature dislocation amplitude-dependent internal friction in lead single crystals containing one of the minor components Tl, Sn, Bi, Cd, and Sb. Hysteresis occurs in the superconducting state and is virtually absent in the normal state. The size of the hysteresis loop is dependent to a considerable extent on the type of impurity. The hysteresis is due to change in the length LN of the dislocation loops. Under given conditions, LN varies more markedly in crystals in which the impurity has a low binding energy to the dislocations. The impurity atoms are responsible for strong pinning centers as well as weak ones. There is also a discussion of the reasons for the change in the number of strong centers when high-amplitude ultrasonic pulses act on the dislocation structure.

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