Nonequilibrium superconductor states in the case of “narrow” nonequilibrium sources

Stationary nonequilibrium states of superconductors are examined when nonequilibrium is caused by the effect of a microwave electromagnetic field of frequency Ω > 2Δ as well as tunnel injection of excitations in a S-I-S contact at the voltage V>2Δ/e (Δ is the magnitude of the superconductor energy gap). Solutions of the kinetic equations for the nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution function fϵ are obtained by numerical methods. Cases when an analytic solution is impossible (strong nonequilibrium) are examined and analyzed in detail. The spectral dependences of such quantities as ultrasound attenuation in a nonequilibrium superconductor and generation of “2Δ phonons” are investigated. The self-blocking effect of the tunnel current in a nonsymmetric S1-I-S2 tunnel contact is examined.

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