Contact spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors (a review). Part I. Physical and methodical foundations for contact spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors. Experimental results for La2−<i>x</i>Sr<i>x</i>CuO4 and their discussion

An attempt is made to systematize the investigations of high-temperature superconductors by tunnel and point-contact spectroscopy. The main theoretical concepts forming the basis of the method are described. Various types of contacts are briefly discussed and classified. Departures of the current–voltage characteristics (IVC) from the predictions of the simplest theoretical models and observations in traditional superconductors are discussed. Special emphasis is laid on the properties of point contacts with a direct conductivity. The results of measurements of the energy gap and fine structure of IVC derivatives in the energy range beyond the gap for the high-Tc La2−xSrx CuO4 are reviewed.

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