Kinetics of phase transition to superconductivity. Vortices as a long way to equilibrium

The kinetics of fluctuational formation of vortex pairs in a superconductor upon a transition from a paraphase to the ordered state is studied. It is shown in the framework of the numerical experiments that such pairs are stably generated by typical configurations of a two-component order parameter as it interacts with the electromagnetic gauge field. The role of these excitations in inducing a first-order phase transition to superconductivity is discussed.

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