The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
R. Spencer WellsImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXNadira YuldashevaImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXRuslan RuzibakievImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXPeter A. UnderhillImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXIrina EvseevaImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXJason Blue-SmithImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXJin LiImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXBing SuImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXRamasamy PitchappanImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXS. ShanmugalakshmiImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXK. BalakrishnanImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXMark ReadImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXNathaniel M. PearsonImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXTatiana ZerjalImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXMatthew T. WebsterImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXIrakli ZholoshviliImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXElena JamarjashviliImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXS. S. GambarovImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXBehrouz NikbinImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXAshur DostievImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXOgonazar AknazarovImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXPierre ZallouaImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXIgor TsoyImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXMikhail KitaevImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXМ М МиррахимовImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXAshir CharievImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TXWalter F. BodmerImperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX
ABI
Аннотация
The nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome has proven to be a valuable tool for the study of population history. The maintenance of extended haplotypes characteristic of particular geographic regions, despite extensive admixture, allows complex demographic events to be deconstructed. In this study we report the frequencies of 23 Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphism haplotypes in 1,935 men from 49 Eurasian populations, with a particular focus on Central Asia. These haplotypes reveal traces of historical migrations, and provide an insight into the earliest patterns of settlement of anatomically modern humans on the Eurasian continent. Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three major waves of migration leading into Europe, the Americas, and India. The genetic results are interpreted in the context of Eurasian linguistic patterns.
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