Nutrition of Patients with Jaw Fracture and After Orthognatik Surgery, Review of the Literature

Nutritional deficiencies occurring during treatment process in patients with jaw fractures will have a negative impact as: reducing of immune indicators in the body, weakening of protective reactions, tendency to complications, and traumatic effects. This article summarizes the content of scientific studies related to the nutritional status or nutrition of patients with fractures. Methods: Was conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the nutritional status of patients with jaw fractures and post-orthodontic surgery during immobilization. Results: Were identified twenty-seven studies. It is established that during the immobilization period the patient has changes of the trophic status, nutritional insufficiency (malnutrition), explained by weight loss and changes in anthropometric parameters, blood changes (hypoalbuminemia, decrease of hemoglobin of blood). Oral nutritional supplements or alternative feeding methods improve nutritional status, as many studies have observed (weight and other anthropometric parameters, normalization of biochemical blood parameters,). In addition, according to some authors, decreased the number of complications and reduced the duration of hospitalization and expenditure. It is recommended that nutritional supplements be offered to malnourished patients during this period. Keywords: Maxillofacial trauma; Mandibular fracture; Jaw fracture; Nutrition; Feeding; Diet; Nutritional assessment; Nutritional status; Intermaxillar fixation; Orthognatik surgery;

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