Hydraulic resistances of derivation channels of hydropower facilities

Currently, many authors have studied the uniform axisymmetric pressure head laminar and turbulent movement of water in hydraulic smooth and rough (with uniform roughness) pipes of circular cross-section. The results obtained in the study of a plane-parallel turbulent flow in pressure channels allow here only to outline the structure of the corresponding dependencies and to clarify the simplest case of unpressurized fluid movement, when this movement can also be reduced to plane-parallel or, in other words, to movement in channel of infinitely large width with a flat bottom. In all other cases, the only way to solve the problem is experiment. But the possibilities of the experiment are limited, as are limited, and in a number of cases debatable, and the information accumulated to date on the uniform free-flow motion of fluid in channels of various cross-sectional shapes. The unpressurized uniform movement of fluid in channels of various cross-sectional shapes has been completely insufficiently studied. The construction of numerous free-flow watercourses, as well as machine channels of pumping stations, requires scientifically based calculation methods. For the correct establishment of hydraulic calculation methods, a sufficiently deep study of the physical essence of the phenomena occurring in the free-flow derivation channels is necessary. The extensive construction of numerous free-flow watercourses, as well as hydroelectric power plant (HPP) derivation channels, requires scientifically based calculation methods. For the correct establishment of hydraulic calculation methods, a sufficiently deep study of the physical essence of the hydraulic phenomena occurring in the free-flow derivation channels of HPPs is necessary.

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