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How national leaders keep ‘us’ safe: A longitudinal, four-nation study exploring the role of identity leadership as a predictor of adherence to COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions

Svenja B. FrenzelDepartment of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, GermanyS. Alexander HaslamSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaNina M. JunkerDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayAidos BolatovDepartment of Biochemistry, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, KazakhstanValerie A. ErkensDepartment of Social Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, GermanyJan A. HäusserDepartment of Social Psychology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, GermanyRonit KarkBusiness School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UKInes MeyerSchool of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South AfricaAndreas MojzischPsychology Department, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, GermanyLucas MonzaniIvey Business School, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaStephen ReicherSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UKAdil SamekinSchool of Liberal Arts, M Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, KazakhstanSebastian C. SchuhOrganisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management, China Europe International Business School, Shanghai, ChinaNiklas K. SteffensSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaLiliya SultanovaFaculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Branch in Tashkent, Tashkent, UzbekistanDina Van DijkDepartment of Health Systems Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, IsraelLlewellyn E. van ZylDepartment of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the NetherlandsRolf van DickDepartment of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

BMJ Openjournal2022en

ABI

Аннотация

Objectives To investigate whether citizens’ adherence to health-protective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is predicted by identity leadership, wherein leaders are perceived to create a sense of shared national identity. Design Observational two-wave study. Hypotheses testing was conducted with structural equation modelling. Setting Data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, Germany, Israel and the USA in April/May 2020 and four weeks later. Participants Adults in China (n=548, 66.6% women), Germany (n=182, 78% women), Israel (n=198, 51.0% women) and the USA (n=108, 58.3% women). Measures Identity leadership (assessed by the four-item Identity Leadership Inventory Short-Form) at Time 1, perceived shared national identification (PSNI; assessed with four items) and adherence to health-protective NPIs (assessed with 10 items that describe different health-protective interventions; for example, wearing face masks) at Time 2. Results Identity leadership was positively associated with PSNI (95% CI 0.11 to 0.30, p<0.001) in all countries. This, in turn, was related to more adherence to health-protective NPIs in all countries (95% CI 0.03 to 0.36, 0.001≤ p ≤0.017) except Israel (95% CI −0.03 to 0.27, p=0.119). In Germany, the more people saw Chancellor Merkel as engaging in identity leadership, the more they adhered to health-protective NPIs (95% CI 0.04 to 0.18, p=0.002). In the USA, in contrast, the more people perceived President Trump as engaging in identity leadership, the less they adhered to health-protective NPIs (95% CI −0.17 to −0.04, p=0.002). Conclusions National leaders can make a difference by promoting a sense of shared identity among their citizens because people are more inclined to follow health-protective NPIs to the extent that they feel part of a united ‘us’. However, the content of identity leadership (perceptions of what it means to be a nation’s citizen) is essential, because this can also encourage people to disregard such recommendations.

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Мавзулар

Identity, Memory, and Therapy Aging and Gerontology Research Management and Organizational Studies

Идентификаторлар

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054980

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