RISK FACTORS FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The main purpose of this article is to highlight the role of risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in the development of the disease. Thanks to the article, all doctors can learn in detail about risk factors and eliminate or prevent risk factors for osteoarthritis diseases. <strong>INTRODUCTION<br> </strong> Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases of various etiologies, but with similar biological, morphological and clinical manifestations and outcome, which are based on the defeat of all components of the joint, rimarily cartilage, as well as subchondral bone, synovium, ligaments, capsule and periarticular muscles. So, in the Neolithic the period of OA of the joints reached, according to excavations, 20% (maybe the reasons were being in the dark and damp caves, scarcity and monotony of food, unfavorable climate) Ancient medicine often had to deal with OA. In his work On the Joints, Hippocrates discusses it along with gout and other diseases of the joints. The English doctor W. Heberden described the nodules, called him name and considered as one of the manifestations of OA. In the second half of the 19th century, a French clinician J. M. Charcot singled out OA and rheumatoid arthritis from among rheumatic diseases and considered them as the main variants of one pathological process-deforming arthritis. In 1904 an American orthopedist R. Osgood, based on x-ray studies, coined the term atrophic arthritis. However, an independent nosological form of OA was officially recognized only in 1911, when at the International Congress of Physicians in London it was proposed to divide all diseases of the joints into primary inflammatory and primary degenerative. OA — multifactorial chronic progressive joint disease that develops as a result of mechanical and biological causes that destabilize articular cartilage and subchondral bone normal relationship between degradation and synthesis of components matrix by chondrocytes. In foreign literature, instead of term "osteoarthritis", the more adequate term "osteoarthritis" is often used, emphasizing the important role inflammatory component in development and progression diseases. As you know, the cardinal symptom of osteoarthritis, regardless of the stage of this disease, is joint pain. Persistent arthralgia reflects a persistent inflammatory process and inadequate repair of joint structures, which determines reduced tolerance to mechanical stress and progressive biomechanical isturbances. Therefore, long-lasting unpleasant sensations in the joint area (not only pain, but and a feeling of stiffness, stiffness, instability) should cause alertness in terms of the possibility of developing early osteoarthritis. In this regard, a number of studies have been undertaken with an attempt to combine clinical manifestations with the data of instrumental studies.

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