Structure of motor and non-motor disorders in patients

The clinical picture of parkinsonism is based on a triad of motor symptoms: hypokinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, which are the result of the death of DA neurons in the compact part of the SN, impaired nigrostriatal connections, and insufficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia and other parts of the CNS. However, the pathological process is multisystemic in nature with dysfunction not only of the dopaminergic, but also of other mediator systems, which causes a wide range of non-motor manifestations of the disease (neuropsychic, sensory, autonomic). The range of motor and non-motor manifestations we identified in patients included in the study is typical for this pathology. Within the main clinical manifestations of both PD and SP, various combinations of motor and non-motor symptoms can exist, which, along with the lateralization of clinical manifestations, the rate of progression, and the age of onset, determines the pronounced clinical heterogeneity of the disease.

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