Мақола

Economics of conservation law enforcement by rangers across Asia

Mohammad S. FarhadiniaDepartment of Biology and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford Oxford UKPaul J. JohnsonWildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford UKVignesh KamathUN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP‐WCMC) Cambridge UKEhab EidIUCN SSC Steering Committee Members Amman JordanHadi Al HikmaniOffice for Conservation of the Environment Diwan of Royal Court Muscat OmanHüseyin AmbarlıDepartment of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Duzce TurkeyMd Zahangir AlomWildlife Conservation Society Dhaka BangladeshElshad AskerovThe Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan NAS Baku AzerbaijanPolawee BuchakietThai Rangers Association Bangkok ThailandBayarbaatar BuuveibaatarAlexander GavashelishviliCenter of Biodiversity Studies, Institute of Ecology Ilia State University Tbilisi GeorgiaKhatuna TsiklauriNational Environment Agency of Georgia Ministry of Environment and Agriculture of Georgia Poti GeorgiaMariya A. GritsinaInstitute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent UzbekistanIding A. HaidirDirectorate of Planning and Information of Conservation Areas Ministry of Environment and Forestry Central Jakarta IndonesiaSaw HtunMyanmar Biodiversity Fund Yangon MyanmarMuhammad KabirWildlife Ecology Lab, Department of Forestry & Wildlife Management University of Haripur Haripur PakistanGopal KhanalDepartment of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Ministry of Forests and Environment Government of Nepal, Singha Durbar Kathmandu NepalAndrew M. KittleThe Wilderness & Wildlife Conservation Trust Sri LankaMaxim A. KoshkinIlbirs Foundation Bishkek KyrgyzstanRahim KulenbekovIlbirs Foundation Bishkek KyrgyzstanZairbek KubanychbekovIlbirs Foundation Bishkek KyrgyzstanAntony J. LynamWildlife Conservation Society Center for Global Conservation New York New York USAAishwarya MaheshwariVasundhara Sector 5 Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad IndiaUgyen PenjorFauna and Flora International Cambridge UKAkchousanh RasphoneWildlife Conservation Society Lao PDR Program, Lao PDR Vientiane Lao Peoples Democratic RepblcHana RazaLeopards Beyond Borders Sulaimani‐Kurdistan Region IraqTim RedfordFreeland Foundation Bangkok ThailandAfag RizayevaDepartment of Bioecology Baku State University Baku AzerbaijanTatjana RosenCaucasus Nature Fund Tbilisi GeorgiaPavel WeinbergNorth‐Ossetian State Nature Reserve RSO‐Alania Alagir RussiaA. A. YachmennikovaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow RussiaNobuyuki YamaguchiInstitute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu MalaysiaDavid W. MacdonaldWildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford UK

Conservation Lettersjournal2023en

ABI

Аннотация

Abstract Biodiversity targets, under the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, prioritize both conservation area and their effectiveness. The effective management of protected areas (PAs) depends greatly on law enforcement resources, which is often tasked to rangers. We addressed economic aspects of law enforcement by rangers working in terrestrial landscapes across Asia. Accordingly, we used ranger numbers and payment rates to derive continental‐scale estimates. Ranger density has decreased by 2.4‐fold since the 1990s, increasing the median from 10.9 to 26.4 km 2 of PAs per ranger. Rangers were generally paid more than the minimum wage (median ratio = 1.9) and the typical salaries in agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector (median ratio = 1.2). Annual spending on ranger salaries varied widely among countries, with a median of annual US71 km −2 of PA. Nearly 208,000 rangers patrolling Asian PAs provide an invaluable opportunity to develop ranger‐based monitoring plans for evaluating the conservation performance. As decision‐makers frequently seek an optimum number of law enforcement staff, our study provides a continental baseline median of 46.3 km 2 PA per ranger. Our findings also provide a baseline for countries to improve their ranger‐based law enforcement which is critical for their Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets.

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Мавзулар

Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Forest Management and Policy

Идентификаторлар

DOI: 10.1111/conl.12943

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